| Albino: |
| Having absent or deficient melanin. Widely used term for "Amelanistic". |
| Allele: |
| Either of the two paired genes which affect an inheritable trait. |
| Amelanistic: |
| Total lack of melanin. |
| Anerythristic: |
| Total lack of red color. |
| Axanthic: |
| Total lack of yellow color. |
| Co-dominant: |
| A gene that causes the homozygous form to look different than the wild-type and the heterozygous form to have traits of both. |
| Chromosome: |
| Each cell in every living thing has a nucleus. Much of the nucleus is made up of a constant number of paired chromosomes. Each chromosome is a single, long strand of DNA in a protein matrix. The strand of DNA contains many genes. |
| DH: |
| See Double heterozygous. |
| DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): |
| Molecules bearing genetic information of all the organisms cells. |
| Dominant: |
| A gene that causes an animal to look different than the wild-type and where the homozygous form and the heterozygous form look the same as each other. |
| Double heterozygous: |
An animal being heterozygous for two different traits. Also refered to as DH.
Also see Triple Heterozygous. |
| Gene: |
| Unit of heredity that determines the characteristics of the organism. |
| Genotype: |
An organisms genetic composition. Heredity - the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offspring.
Also see Phenotype. |
| Het: |
| Short for heterozygous. |
| Heterozygous: |
| Possessing two different genes for a given trait. An animal with one mutated, recessive gene still appears normal; its mutated gene can be inherited by future offspring. A co-dominant animal is heterozygous for the dominant form of its mutated gene, but still its different in appearance than both the wild-type and homozygous forms. |
| Homozygous: |
| A state in which both genes for a specific trait are the same. When a recessive gene is it its homozygous form, it makes the animal look different from the wild-type. When a dominant gene is in its homozygous state, it causes the animal to look different from both the wild-type and the heterozygous (co-dominant) forms. |
| Hypomelanistic: |
| Lack of black and/or brown color than a wild-type. Also refered to as "hypo". |
| Leucistic: |
| A cpmpletely white animal with dark eyes. |
| Locus: |
| A genes position on a chromosome (plural: loci) |
| Melanin: |
| Black or brown pigmentasion. |
| Melanistic: |
| Abnormally dark, especially due to an increased amount of melanin. |
| Mutation: |
| An abnormal gene that under certain circumstances can cause an animal to be born with an appearance other than wild-type. |
| Normal: |
| An animal with no mutated genes - "wild type" in appearance. Also ee wild type. |
| Phenotype: |
| An animals external appearance, as caused by its genotype. See genotype. |
| Possible Het: |
| An animal from a known breeding that has either a 50% or 66% possibility of being "heterozygous" for a mutant gene. |
| 66% possible het: |
| Comes from breeding 2 heterozygous animals together: 50% of the offspring are heterozygous, 25% will be homozygous, and 25% will be wild-type. Of the normal appearing animals, 66% will be heterozygous for the mutated gene. |
| 50% possible het: |
| Comes from breeding a heterozygous animal to a wild-type animal. All of the resulting offspring will be wild-type in appearance, but 50% of them will actually be heterozygous for the mutated gene and must be bred out to determine which animals are really hets. |
| Punnett Square: |
| A learning tool for determining the possible outcomes of a given cross between individuals. Developed by R.C. Punnett, an early British geneticist. |
| Recessive: |
| A gene that affects an animals appearance if its present in the homozygous state. A heterozygous animal carrying a mutated, recessive gene looks normal. An example would be the common albino among others. |
| Simple morphs: |
| Opposite designer morphs. Simple morphs is what we, amongst others, choose to call the mutations found in nature. |
| Super: |
| A Commonly used Herpetocultural term for the Dominant form of a Co-dominant mutation. |
| Triple Heterozygous: |
| Heterozygous at three gene loci. |
| Tyrosinase: |
An enzyme required for synthesizing melanin.
Tyrosinase negative = Also called T-. An albino whose cells lack tyrosinase, producing a white and yellow/orange animal with pink eyes. A separate albino mutation from tyrosinase-positive (T+).
Tyrosinase-positive = An albino not able to synthesize melanin, but capable of synthesizing tyrosinase, which results in lavender-brown skin color. Also referred to as T+. |
| Wild-type: |
| An aninals normal appearance in the wild (With normal color and pattern) |
| Xanthic: |
| Having more yellow color than wild-type. |
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